AI Sandbox
A controlled regulatory environment where companies can test AI innovations with relaxed rules under government supervision, allowing experimentation while managing risks.
The EU AI Act includes provisions for regulatory sandboxes, requiring each member state to establish at least one. The UK's Financial Conduct Authority has operated a fintech sandbox since 2016, serving as a model for AI-specific versions. Singapore, South Korea, and Japan have established AI sandboxes to attract innovation while maintaining oversight. Sandboxes allow startups to test AI applications in regulated sectors like healthcare, finance, and transportation without full compliance burdens. They provide regulators with practical insight into emerging AI capabilities and risks.
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AI Safety
The interdisciplinary field focused on preventing AI systems from causing harm, encompassing alignment, robustness, interpretability, and governance of AI technologies.
Deepfake
AI-generated synthetic media — images, video, or audio — that realistically depict events or statements that never occurred, created using deep learning techniques.
EU AI Act
The European Union's comprehensive AI regulation, which entered into force on August 1, 2024, classifying AI systems by risk level and imposing requirements from transparency disclosures to outright bans.
Responsible AI
The practice of developing and deploying AI systems in ways that are ethical, fair, transparent, and accountable — encompassing bias mitigation, explainability, and governance frameworks.
Federated Learning
A privacy-preserving machine learning approach where models are trained across multiple decentralized devices or servers without sharing the raw data, keeping sensitive information local.
DeepSeek
A Chinese AI lab that developed highly efficient open-source large language models, demonstrating that competitive performance is achievable at a fraction of the training cost of Western frontier models.
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