GDPR and AI
The intersection of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation with AI systems, creating obligations around consent, explainability, data minimization, and the right to not be subject to solely automated decisions.
GDPR's Article 22 gives individuals the right to not be subject to decisions based solely on automated processing, including AI. This creates significant compliance challenges for AI systems making consequential decisions. OpenAI was fined by Italy's data protection authority for GDPR violations related to ChatGPT's data collection. GDPR's data minimization principle conflicts with AI's appetite for large training datasets. The regulation requires organizations to explain automated decisions to affected individuals — a challenge for opaque neural networks. GDPR has become the de facto global standard, with over 130 countries adopting similar frameworks.
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Related Terms
AI Safety
The interdisciplinary field focused on preventing AI systems from causing harm, encompassing alignment, robustness, interpretability, and governance of AI technologies.
Deepfake
AI-generated synthetic media — images, video, or audio — that realistically depict events or statements that never occurred, created using deep learning techniques.
EU AI Act
The European Union's comprehensive AI regulation, which entered into force on August 1, 2024, classifying AI systems by risk level and imposing requirements from transparency disclosures to outright bans.
Responsible AI
The practice of developing and deploying AI systems in ways that are ethical, fair, transparent, and accountable — encompassing bias mitigation, explainability, and governance frameworks.
Federated Learning
A privacy-preserving machine learning approach where models are trained across multiple decentralized devices or servers without sharing the raw data, keeping sensitive information local.
DeepSeek
A Chinese AI lab that developed highly efficient open-source large language models, demonstrating that competitive performance is achievable at a fraction of the training cost of Western frontier models.
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