PaLM
Google's Pathways Language Model, a 540-billion-parameter large language model that demonstrated breakthrough reasoning capabilities and served as a predecessor to the Gemini family.
PaLM, released in 2022, was trained on 6,144 TPU v4 chips and showed strong chain-of-thought reasoning abilities. PaLM 2, released in 2023, improved multilingual and coding capabilities while being more compute-efficient. PaLM powered Google's initial Bard chatbot before being replaced by Gemini. The model demonstrated emergent capabilities — skills that appeared suddenly at scale rather than improving gradually — which became a major topic of AI research and debate. PaLM's architecture and insights were incorporated into the Gemini model family.
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Related Terms
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)
A hypothetical form of AI that can understand, learn, and apply knowledge across any intellectual task at or above human level, rather than being specialized for specific tasks.
AI Alignment
The research field focused on ensuring AI systems behave in accordance with human values and intentions, particularly as systems become more capable.
Capex (Capital Expenditure)
Long-term investment spending by companies on physical assets like data centers, GPU clusters, and networking infrastructure — the backbone of AI deployment at scale.
ChatGPT
OpenAI's conversational AI assistant, launched in November 2022, which catalyzed the current generative AI boom by demonstrating the capabilities of large language models to a mainstream audience.
Data Center
A facility housing computer systems and infrastructure used to process, store, and distribute data — increasingly built specifically for AI training and inference workloads.
Fine-Tuning
The process of further training a pre-trained AI model on a specific, smaller dataset to specialize it for a particular task or domain, requiring far less compute than training from scratch.
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